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April 2nd, 2025
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evolutionary biology
biorxiv

Adaptive challenges of past and future invasion of Drosophila suzukii: insights from novel genomic resources and statistical methods combining individual and pool sequencing data

Camus, L.Open in Google Scholar•Rode, N. O.Open in Google Scholar•Serga, S.Open in Google Scholar•Loiseau, A.Open in Google Scholar•Chen, X.Open in Google Scholar•Iampietro, C.Open in Google Scholar•Kenis, M.Open in Google Scholar•Marande, W.Open in Google Scholar•Mensch, J.Open in Google Scholar•Parrinello, H.Open in Google Scholaret al.

Climate change and globalization are accelerating biological invasions, making it crucial to understand how species adapt in new environments to improve management strategies. Genomic data can provide valuable insights into adaptation through Genotype-Environment Association (GEA) studies, which identify genes and biological processes tied to invasion success, and through the geometric Genomic Offset statistics (gGO), which estimate genetic (mal)adaptation to new environments. In this study, we investigate genetic adaptation in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii using novel genomic resources and statistical methods. We used a newly developed chromosome-level genome assembly and data from 37 populations, combining publicly available and newly generated pooled and individual sequencing data, analyzed with an enhanced version of BayPass software, tailored for such hybrid datasets. Our findings reveal multiple genomic regions related to invasion success, suggesting a polygenic basis for the shared adaptive traits involved in invasion success. Through a GEA incorporating 27 environmental covariates, we estimate gGO between source environments and invaded areas, shedding light on the potential adaptive challenges D. suzukii faced during previous invasions. In addition, we estimate gGO for geographical areas not yet invaded to predict future invasion risks and identify regions from which preadapted populations may originate. Our results suggest that D. suzukii populations faced limited adaptive challenges in their major invasion range, and that certain uninvaded regions remain at high risk of future invasion. Our study offers significant insights into D. suzukii adaptation and provides a practical population genomics framework to predict biological invasions across diverse species.

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