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April 14th, 2025
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Tel Aviv University
neuroscience
biorxiv

Mechanisms of long term non-reinforced preference change: functional connectivity changes in a longitudinal functional MRI study

Itzkovitch, A.Open in Google Scholar•Oren, S.Open in Google Scholar•Chopra, S.Open in Google Scholar•Fornito, A.Open in Google Scholar•Schonberg, T.Open in Google Scholar

Behavioral change studies mostly focus on external reinforcements to modify preferences. Cue-approach training (CAT) is a paradigm that influences preferences by the mere association of stimuli, sensory cues, and a rapid motor response, without external reinforcements. The behavioral effect has been shown to last for months after less than one hour of training. Here, we used a modified version of CAT by changing the neutral-cue to a number that represented a monetary amount of reward that the participants accumulate (i.e. incentive-cue). After a single training session, we compared behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC), as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, between two groups, one receiving a neutral-cue and the other receiving an incentive-cue, at 5 time points across one year. We replicated the maintenance of behavioral changes after 6-months for the non-reinforced neutral-cue participants, but not for the reinforced group. The reinforced training group showed higher FC within the limbic system, whereas the non-externally reinforced group showed higher functional connectivity within and between default-mode and dorsal-attention networks. Our findings offer putative neural correlates for both reinforced and non-reinforced preference changes that are maintained over time and which could be implemented in future behavioral change interventions.

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