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April 17th, 2025
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State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
plant biology
biorxiv

Population Transcriptome and Phenotype Reveal that Rht-D1b Contributes a Larger Seedling Root to Modern Bread Wheat

Wang, X.Open in Google Scholar•Zhao, P.Open in Google Scholar•Shi, X.Open in Google Scholar•Guo, X.Open in Google Scholar•Liu, Y.Open in Google Scholar•Hou, W.Open in Google Scholar•Cheng, M.Open in Google Scholar•Liu, X.Open in Google Scholar•Lai, X.Open in Google Scholar•Simmonds, J.Open in Google Scholaret al.

The Green Revolution (GR) has dramatically increased the yield of modern wheat cultivars; however, whether and how GR reshaped the wheat root system remains largely unknown. Here, a large-scale transcriptomic and phenotypical investigation was performed on seedling roots of 406 worldwide bread wheat accessions, showing differential transcriptomes and phenotypes between landrace and modern cultivars, and the GR allele Rht-D1b was the main genetic factor driving this phenotype differential, conferring a significantly larger seedling root to modern cultivars by increasing cell length and root meristem size. In this case, the translational reinitiation of TaRht-D1 underlies Rht-D1b's genetic effects. In contrast, another GR allele, Rht-B1b, has no significant effects on root-related traits, differing from the similar genetic effects of these two GR alleles on reducing plant height. This unexpected effect of Rht-D1b on root systems contributes to a substantially larger root-shoot ratio in modern wheat cultivars. These findings reveal previously overlooked benefits of GR alleles in modern wheat cultivars and provide clues for their future application to form a robust seminal root system.

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