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April 20th, 2025
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Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of China Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
ecology
biorxiv

A Method for Preparing Morphologically Preserved Wildlife Fecal Specimens for Long-Term Ecological Studies

Jiahao, Z.Open in Google Scholar•Dongling, Z.Open in Google Scholar•Xinrui, X.Open in Google Scholar•Yunqiao, Z.Open in Google Scholar•Qiang, D.Open in Google Scholar

Wildlife feces are a valuable noninvasive resource in ecological and conservation research. However, traditional preservation methods are unable to maintain morphological integrity while simultaneously preserving the biological and chemical composition of fecal samples. This study presents a novel method for the preparation of fecal specimens through a multistep immersion process using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium benzoate, clotrimazole, ethanol, pyrethroid emulsion and polyvinylpyrrolidone solution. The specimens produced by this method exhibited high mechanical strength, ensuring durability and resistance to handling damage. During a storage period of six months, this method successfully preserved the morphological characteristics of fecal samples while maintaining DNA integrity, with no signs of mold or insect damage. DNA extraction achieved a 100% success rate and species identification remained consistent with fresh samples, with BLAST match rates exceeding 99% in 15 specimens. In addition, heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, and lead were detected in fecal samples from different species. By allowing long-term preservation of fecal samples, this method transforms urine from a short-term diagnostic tool into a durable resource for monitoring biodiversity. It can extend the applications of fecal samples across spatial and temporal scales, reinforcing their role in ecological research and global conservation of biodiversity.

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