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May 22nd, 2025
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Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute
neuroscience
biorxiv

The Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Focused Ultrasound Stimulates Oligodendrogenesis

Noseworthy, K. S.Open in Google Scholar•Silburt, J.Open in Google Scholar•Hynynen, K.Open in Google Scholar•Aubert, I.Open in Google Scholar

Objective: The current study aims to fill a gap in knowledge on the effects of focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain-barrier (BBB) modulation on the proliferation and development of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Researchers established that FUS combined with intravenous microbubbles can modulate BBB in a controlled, reversible, localized, and non-invasive manner to facilitate the delivery of intravenous therapeutics to the brain. Over a decade ago, we discovered that, even without intravenous therapeutics, FUS-BBB modulation stimulates elements of brain repair, including hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: In adult mice, FUS-BBB modulation was targeted unilaterally to the hippocampus and proliferation of OPCs was quantified at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days post-FUS. Mature oligodendrocytes were quantified at 30 days post-FUS. OPC proliferation was assessed at 7 days post-FUS, and mature oligodendrocytes at 30 days. Results: The proliferation of hippocampal OPCs was increased by 6.8-fold and 2.3-fold between 1 and 4 days post-sonication, respectively, resulting in a 5.3-fold increase in mature oligodendrocytes one month later. To test the robustness of oligodendrogenesis following FUS-BBB modulation, the striatum was targeted as a second brain regions with an independent experimental design. In line with hippocampal results, striatal FUS-BBB modulation promoted the generation of OPCs by 3.9-fold during the first week, leading to a 5.2-fold increase in oligodendrogenesis 30 days post-treatment. Interpretation: We conclude that FUS-BBB modulation in the hippocampus and striatum promotes oligodendrogenesis by stimulating the proliferation of OPCs and being permissive to their maturation.

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