2025 Hyper Recent •CC0 1.0 Universal

This work is dedicated to the public domain. No rights reserved.

Access Preprint From Server
July 3rd, 2025
Version: 2
Non-coding RNA and RNA-based therapeutics, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), CMP3VdA, Aosta, Italy; Non-coding RNA and RNA-based therapeutics, Center for H
evolutionary biology
biorxiv

Hybridization load introduced by Alpine ibex hybrid swarms

Cilingir, F. G.Open in Google Scholar•Landuzzi, F.Open in Google Scholar•Brambilla, A.Open in Google Scholar•Charrance, D.Open in Google Scholar•Furia, F.Open in Google Scholar•Trova, S.Open in Google Scholar•Peracino, A.Open in Google Scholar•Camenisch, G.Open in Google Scholar•Waldvogel, D.Open in Google Scholar•Howard-McCombe, J.Open in Google Scholaret al.

Species restoration efforts can be threatened by the accumulation of deleterious mutations and inbreeding depression associated with the historic population contraction. However, even successfully restored species could face deleterious mutation swamping from hybridization with an abundant and closely related species. Here, we analyze this risk for Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), a flagship species of large mammal restoration in the Alps. The Alpine ibex faced near-extinction two centuries ago, resulting in exceptionally low genome-wide diversity and increased inbreeding, which facilitated the purging of severe deleterious mutation load. For this, we produced a highly contiguous chromosome-level genome assembly of the Alpine ibex capturing structural divergence from domestic goat (Capra hircus) and mapping immune-relevant MHC genes. Analyses of eight recent ibex-goat hybrids from two swarms in Northern Italy, combined with 29 non-hybrid Alpine ibex and 22 domestic goats, identified 215 masked loss-of-function (LOF) mutations introduced via hybridization. Yet, we found no evidence for counter-selection in early backcrosses. This exposes Alpine ibex to further backcrosses compounding the deleterious mutation load of the species by a factor of up to two. Our work provides one of the first direct estimates of hybridization load and guides conservation efforts to preserve endangered species gene pools.

Similar Papers

biorxiv
Thu Jul 03 2025
Antagonism between bacteriophages and macrophages decreases efficacy of a phage cocktail and increases bacteriophage resistance
Phage therapy, the use of viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages), is a promising complement to antibiotics during the antimicrobial resistance crisis, but treatment success is very variable. Evolution of bacterial resistance to bacteriophages and bacteriophage counter-resistance (coevolution) during therapy may explain some of this variation, the dynamics of which may be affected by interac...
Castledine, M.
•
Szczutkowska, Z.
•
Matthews, A.
•
Walsh, S. K.
...•
Buckling, A.
biorxiv
Thu Jul 03 2025
Sex-biased gene expression under sexually antagonistic and sex-limited selection
Sex differences in gene expression are ubiquitous, evolve quickly, and are expected to underlie phenotypic sexual dimorphism. Despite long-standing interest, the impact of sex-specific selection on the transcriptome remains poorly understood. Here, we test fundamental questions on the role of constraints on gene expression evolution arising from the mode of selection and genetic architecture. We a...
Wiberg, R. A. W.
•
Zwoinska, M. K.
•
Kaufman, P.
•
Howie, J.
•
Immonen, E.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Cost of altered translation accuracy shapes adaptation to antibiotics in E. coli
Protein synthesis, while central to cellular function, is error-prone. The resulting mistranslation is generally costly, but we do not know how these costs compare or interact with the costs imposed by external selection pressures such as antibiotics. We also do not know whether and how these costs are compensated during evolution. It is important to answer these questions, since mistranslation is...
Samhita, L.
•
Tamhankar, S.
•
Miranda, J.
•
Basu, A. K.
•
Agashe, D.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Synergizing Bayesian and Heuristic Approaches: D-BPP Uncovers Ghost Introgression in Panthera and Thuja
Hybridization involving extinct or unsampled ("ghost") lineages profoundly influences species' evolutionary histories, but detecting such introgression remains methodologically challenging. We introduce D-BPP, a novel framework that integrates the heuristic D-statistic (or ABBA-BABA test) with Bayesian phylogenomic inference (implemented in BPP) to efficiently infer phylogenetic networks. In D-BPP...
Yang, Y.
•
Pang, X.-X.
•
Ding, Y.-M.
•
Zhang, B.-W.
...•
Zhang, D.-Y.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Energetic shifts reflect survival likelihood in Anopheles gambiae
Life history theory predicts that resource allocation adapts to ecological and evolutionary pressures. We investigated resource and energy in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae following exposure to two stressors: blood meals and infection by the microsporidian Vavraia culicis. Our findings reveal the costs of blood feeding and parasitism on longevity, highlighting trade-offs in lifetime protein...
Zeferino, T. G.
•
Silva, L. M.
•
Koella, J. C.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Avian germline-restricted chromosomes are reservoirs for active long-terminal-repeat retroviruses
Germline-restricted chromosomes (GRCs) are unique to germ cells and absent from somatic cells in songbirds. However, their contents, functions, and evolutionary mechanisms remain unclear. We performed comparative genomics on long-read assembled GRCs from male House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus), and Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), the first two of which are...
Fang, B.
•
Edwards, S. V.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Weak genetic draft and the Lewontin's paradox
Neutral theory assumes that in a population of size N, diversity results from an equilibrium between new mutations arising at rate and genetic drift that purge them at rate 1/N, predicting an equilibrium value proportional to N. The difference between this expectation and the much lower observed molecular diversity is known as Lewontin's paradox of variation. Here, we investigate the effect of ge...
Achaz, G.
•
Schertzer, E.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Microbiome evolution plays a secondary role in host rapid adaptation
Understanding how populations adapt to environmental change is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Microbiomes have been proposed as a source of heritable variation that is central to rapid adaptation in hosts, yet empirical evidence supporting this remains limited, particularly in naturalistic settings. We combined a field evolution experiment in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to an insectic...
Shahmohamadloo, R. S.
•
Gabidulin, A. R.
•
Andrews, E. R.
•
Rudman, S. M.
biorxiv
Wed Jul 02 2025
Phenotypic and transcriptomic similarity between the N2 Ancestral and a Tropical wild isolate of C. elegans reveals divergence from the reference Bristol strain
In recent years, the scientific community has increasingly recognized the importance of incorporating ecologically relevant perspectives into laboratory research. In the case of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, numerous studies have documented the domestication of the N2 Bristol strain (isolated in 1951). This has led to a growing interest in recently isolated wild strains from div...
Hersch-Gonzalez, J.
•
Cano-Dominguez, N.
•
Zurita-Leon, M.
•
Soto-Nava, M.
...•
Valdes, J.