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July 17th, 2025
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University at Albany, SUNY
microbiology
biorxiv

N-acetyltransferase 10 promotes mRNA stability of immune response factors to modulate Zika virus infection

Gianola, S.Open in Google Scholar•Lane, N.Open in Google Scholar•Kaytes, K.Open in Google Scholar•Pager, C. T.Open in Google Scholar

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that poses serious risks to human health. In previous work, we used RNA immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to show that more than 30 distinct RNA modifications, or chemical moieties, were present on the RNA genome of ZIKV. Among these, N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C) was one of the most abundant modifications. In this study, we investigated the role of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), the writer enzyme that acetylates cytidine, in ZIKV gene expression. Using NAT10 knockout cell lines, RNA interference (RNAi), and overexpression rescue strategies, we found that loss of NAT10 led to increased levels of ZIKV protein and RNA. However, the production of infectious virus particles was not significantly affected. Interestingly, in NAT10-deficient cells compared to wild-type (WT) cells, ZIKV protein and RNA were detectable earlier during infection, suggesting that the loss of NAT10 facilitated increased viral replication. Despite this increase, ZIKV RNA was more rapidly degraded, although the accumulation of small flaviviral RNAs was not significantly altered by the absence of NAT10. Further analysis of key components of the innate immune response revealed that, in the absence of NAT10 and during early infection, STAT1, IFIT1, and MX1 mRNA transcripts were rapidly degraded, leading to reduced expression of the respective innate immune proteins. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that NAT10, the ac4C writer enzyme, modulates the stability of specific innate immune mRNAs and thereby plays a regulatory role in ZIKV infection dynamics.

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